Yes, it is essential that the fetus does not breathe through the lungs. It is very important for the fetus, the so-called Botalla arterial duct. It connects the left artery to the aorta so that the blood passes the pulmonary vessels. With proper development, this duct closes spontaneously within 24 hours after the baby is born and the newborn takes its first breath, as it is no longer needed.
If this does not happen, blood from the left ventricle, instead of flowing into the aorta and then into the tissues of the entire body, goes to the pulmonary artery and the lungs. This is a case that the cardiologist classifies as "patent ductus arteriosus" (PDA).

Yes, of course, especially with a quick diagnosis and successful surgery. With genetic suspicions, prenatal diagnosis is extremely important.

The need for heart transplantation is an extremely rare situation, in the vast majority of cases of congenital heart disease, surgical treatment is used to restore the patient's heart anatomy to normal. All information on transplantology can be obtained on the website of the Polish organization Poltransplant; www. Poltransplant.org.pl
There is also the Eurotransplant organization, associating some European countries, its aim is to create a common list of organ transplants (not only the heart). Heart transplants, especially in children, are still a taboo subject, hence a long waiting period if necessary.