Liposuction is a surgical procedure aimed at removing excess body fat from specific parts of the body, most often the abdomen. It is used in patients for whom the removal of excess fat otherwise does not bring the desired results. Liposuction is one of the most popular plastic surgery procedures. It allows you to model your body shape and correct the body contour when fat is disproportionately distributed. However, it is not a method of fighting obesity, as it is used in patients who do not significantly exceed their correct body weight. There are two types of fatty tissue located in the subcutaneous layer. It is brown tissue, the main function of which is thermal insulation and heat generation, and yellow tissue, which stores fat. During liposuction, the surgeon removes excess fat from the yellow tissue. Most often it is a volume not exceeding 5000 ml, because the suction procedure is more risky and requires close postoperative observation in the hospital.
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Indications for surgery
The surgery is recommended for people whose body weight is around normal, but there is excess fat that cannot be removed only through diet and exercise. The elasticity of the skin is of great importance, as it will allow for an aesthetic effect after the treatment. Liposuction is not performed in the case of significant obesity and in patients with heart disease, circulatory failure and diabetes. Eating disorders are also an important contraindication. The final decision about the procedure is made by the doctor, after prior analysis of the patient's health condition. Therefore, before the procedure, a consultation is necessary, during which the person undergoes the examination. You should inform your doctor about the medications you are taking and operations, especially in the area of the abdominal cavity. During the conversation, the scope of the procedure is determined, the patient's expectations and possible results are defined. The doctor discusses the potential risks and possible alternatives.
The course of the operation
During the consultation, the areas that will be treated are marked. Liposuction is usually performed under general anesthesia. Currently, the most commonly used technique is the infiltration technique, which consists in introducing a liquid - a solution of anesthetics, saline and adrenaline - which reduces the risk of damaging the vessels and nerves. The treatment begins with making small incisions on the skin, through which the so-called cannulas to break down adipose tissue and then suck it out. There are several types of such liposuction. Suction assisted lipectomy (SAL) is performed using a device that generates negative pressure. On the other hand, power assisted liposuction (PAL) is the so-called vibration liposuction, with the use of equipment that allows forward and backward movements, which facilitates the release of fat cells from adjacent tissues. Alternative methods have also emerged in recent years. One of them is the use of ultrasound systems, another is the use of a laser, the light of which, when injected subcutaneously, produces the same effect, breaking down and liquefying fat. The duration depends on the area to be treated and the amount of sucked fat, but on average it is 2 to 4 hours. After the operation is completed, dressings and compression clothes are put on.
Convalescence
When aspirating more fat, it is necessary to stay in the hospital for one day. After the surgery, you must follow your doctor's instructions. Bruising and swelling may appear in the liposuction area, but these symptoms disappear after a few weeks. Wearing compression garments reduces swelling and significantly speeds up the healing process. Exposure to heat and UV rays should be avoided for 4-6 weeks after the treatment. You also need to give up physical activity and exercise for at least 2-4 weeks. After the operation, unevenness may appear on the surface of the skin, i.e. it may be slightly wrinkled or wrinkled. Usually, the condition of the skin improves over time, but there may be a need for additional corrective treatment. The effects are verified not earlier than about 3 months after liposuction, when swelling and bruising disappear. The final evaluation of the result is possible after 6 months. The final effect of liposuction is also influenced by the patient's conscious declaration regarding the continued use of a healthy, balanced diet, which will allow for maintaining satisfactory results.
Source:
• Chirurgia plastyczna, red. Witmanowski H., Jundziłł A., PZWL Wydawnictwo Lekarskie, Warszawa 2019.
• Liposukcja, Hanke, C.W., Sattler, G., Bieniek, A., Elsevier Urban & Partner, 2008.
• Modelowanie sylwetki. Seria: dermatologia kosmetyczna, Katz B. E., Elsevier Health Sciences Poland, 2012.
