Breast augmentation is an operation in the field of plastic surgery, especially recommended for patients whose breasts are asymmetrical, have changed as a result of pregnancy, feeding, weight loss, aging processes or other causes. Treatments with the use of implants are currently the most popular method. There is also a possibility of breast augmentation through liposuction, in which fat tissue is removed from the thighs or abdomen, and it is transplanted to the breast. During the procedure, the size increases, the shape is corrected or any disproportions are corrected. Breast augmentation is allowed only in healthy, physically fit, non-pregnant and non-lactating women. It should be emphasized that the operation is performed under general anesthesia and is a serious surgical procedure. Contraindications are therefore all kinds of infections, cardio-respiratory failure, renal and hepatic dysfunction, and blood coagulation disorders. It is very important to perform a complete set of laboratory tests, chest X-ray, ultrasound or mammography, and ECG of the heart before the surgery. A consultation visit is also necessary, where the expected effects are discussed and the expected size of the breasts is determined. It is important that the patient has realistic expectations of the procedure. Breast augmentation surgery will not bring satisfactory results when the breasts are sagging and the skin is very flaccid. In this case, prior mastopexy is recommended, which involves lifting the breasts by removing excess skin. It is a procedure often combined with breast augmentation.
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Types of implants
Implants differ in the type of material they are made of, their texture and shape. There are silicone implants and implants filled with saline solution. The former are among the most popular on the aesthetic medicine market, they provide a natural look and are durable. They do not tend to wrinkle or change their original shape, although there is a slight risk of their displacement. Saline implants are not as popular and may feel less natural to the touch. Their advantage is that in the event of possible damage, the contents are physiologically absorbed. In addition, an important difference between implants is the fact that they can be smooth or textured. The porous surface of the shell of textured implants ensures adhesion and prevents displacement. Modern silicone implants hardly differ in touch from the natural breast, giving a very realistic impression. Their shape can be round, the breasts are then raised and full, or more anatomical, in the shape of a teardrop. The decision to choose an implant should be made in consultation with a surgeon who will answer all questions and help in choosing the right size to fit the patient's figure. It is also worth bearing in mind the durability of the implants, as there is a possibility that they will need to be replaced after several years.
The course of the operation
The procedure is performed under general anesthesia by a specialist in plastic surgery. Before the operation, the doctor makes markings on the patient's chest. The incision is made under the nipple (in the sub-breast fold), around the areola (next to the nipple) or in the armpit, taking care that the cuts are as little visible as possible. The implant is then placed under the greater pectoral muscle, over it or under the glandular tissue. The location depends on the patient's anatomy, whether she is exercising vigorously, and the thickness of the breast tissue. The treatment usually lasts from 60 to 90 minutes. It ends with the placement of sutures and dressings.
After treatment
You will need to wear a post-operative bra or an elastic bandage for some time after surgery, depending on your doctor's recommendations. In the first 24 hours, severe pain may occur, which will disappear with time. After about 14 days, your doctor will remove the sutures, if you haven't put on dissolvable ones. Physical activity, including lifting and cleaning, should be strictly avoided for the first 3 weeks after surgery. It is also ordered to resign from practicing sports for a period of up to 6 weeks. Recovery and full recovery may take several weeks, so it is recommended that you give up work and driving for at least the first week after surgery.
Side effects
When considering breast augmentation surgery, possible side effects should be considered. After the procedure, a sheath of connective tissue is formed around the implants, which may result in the formation of slight lumps or distortions. As a result, the breasts may feel harder to the touch, especially in the first weeks after surgery. There may be a reduction in nipple sensation or sensitivity to touch. As a rule, these changes pass after some time, however, the risk of similar ailments should be taken into account.
Source:
• Chirurgia plastyczna, red. Witmanowski H., Jundziłł A., PZWL Wydawnictwo Lekarskie, Warszawa 2019.
• Chirurgia plastyczna, Holle J., PZWL Wydawnictwo Lekarskie, Warszawa 2013.
• Breast augmentation: principles and practice, Shiffman, M.A., Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008.
• Podstawy medycyny estetycznej: podręcznik dla studentów kosmetologii, Przylipiak, A., Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku, Białystok 2014.
