Spondylolisthesis is an abnormal shift of the vertebrae in relation to each other - the higher vertebrae slides forward or backward relative to the lower vertebrae. Spondylolisthesis is associated with the instability of the spine - the greater the slide of the vertebrae, the greater the degree of instability. Spondylolisthesis most often occurs in the lumbar and lumbosacral spine, usually at the L5 / S1 level. Minor spondylolisthesis do not always cause pain. More dislocation of the vertebrae may result in pain, deterioration of efficiency and the appearance of neurological symptoms.

Shoulder cervix is ​​defined as the state of compression of the nerve roots of the cervical spine, accompanied by pain in the neck, which may radiate towards the upper limb. The compression of the nerve roots is most often caused by a hernia of the intervertebral disc or the presence of bone spurs (osteophytes) in the course of degenerative disease of the spine (spondylosis). The pain may be accompanied by sensory disturbances, numbness, and muscle weakness in the shoulder girdle and / or upper limb. Pain and motor deficits are typical of the anatomical area supplied by nerve fibers belonging to the compressed nerve root. It is not uncommon that there are mixed symptoms resulting from the multi-level compression of nerve structures.

Sciatica, disc prolapse, ischias, lumbago - these terms are used to describe a disease that manifests itself in pain so severe that it can prevent patients from functioning normally in society. The methods and methods of treatment available today allow for the immediate removal of the cause of pain and for a lasting recovery and physical fitness.

Jamming tendinitis, also known as shooting or crackling finger, is a disease in which, as a result of a conflict between the thickened flexor tendon and the flexor sheath, symptoms of finger skipping develop. Most likely, the development of this disease is a continuation of a congenital stricture within the entrance to the flexor tendon fibrous sheath and secondary to this disturbance in the outflow of lymph from the tendon. The result is a lump and inflammation. Bending your finger initially causes pain when you bend your finger. Often the pain is located within the finger - that is, further than the actual conflict (i.e. at the level of the metacarpus). In more advanced stages, in addition to pain, skipped symptom appears during the finger flexion movement. In the advanced form of the disease, it is impossible to straighten the finger, as it becomes completely jammed, and as a result, it remains in a bent position. Thus, the disease makes it difficult to perform daily activities, limiting the patient's functioning.

Osteoporosis is a bone disease which consists of reducing bone mass and disturbing the proper bone tissue architecture. Osteoporosis is the main cause of fractures in postmenopausal women and elderly people. Fractures in the course of osteoporosis are characterized by low-energy injuries, i.e. they may occur in situations which in a healthy person do not cause bone fractures, e.g. as a result of a slight fall, leaning on the hand, or even during changing the body position. Osteoporosis fractures occur most frequently within the neck of the femur, spine and the distal epiphysis of the forearm bone, but may also affect any other part of the body skeleton.

Osteoporosis is called a “silent disease” because its early stages run without any specific symptoms until bone cracks or fractures occur. Gradually increasing osteoporosis pains are often confused with degenerative changes of the spine or rheumatoid disease. Many people believe that osteoporosis is a natural process resulting from the ageing of the body. It is worth noting that osteoporosis can be prevented to a large extent, and in case of its detection, the progress can be inhibited and the risk of fractures reduced.

Plamy typu café-au-lait to wrodzone zmiany skórne o charakterze plam o jasnobrązowej barwie przypominającej kawę z mlekiem. Pojedyncze plamy café au lait są częste i nie wiążą się z żadną patologią. Liczne plamy są charakterystyczne dla niektórych chorób genetycznych lub mogą stanowić cechę dziedziczoną autosomalnie dominująco. Neurofibromatoza typu I jest spowodowana mutacją genu NF1 kodującego neurofibrominę. Obraz kliniczny tej choroby obejmuje takie objawy jak m.in.: plamy typu cafe au lait na skórze, nerwiakowłókniaki, obecność obszarów hiperpigmentacji skóry, guzków Lischa w tęczowce i glejaków nerwu wzrokowego. U około 33% pacjentów z neurofibromatozą typu I istnieje ryzyko rozwoju nadciśnienia tętniczego, a u około 50% pacjentów - ryzyko rozwoju kyfoskoliozy piersiowo-lędźwiowej.